Should You Buy Your Kid a House?

Low interest rates and a depressed real estate market have some affluent parents asking financial advisers if buying their children a house could accomplish a one-two punch of moving assets out of their estate while grabbing a good deal on property.

The answer is, not exactly.

While parents may get a bargain on real estate, purchasing a home for children may not get them the best bang for their estate-planning buck, particularly if that estate is sizable and includes income-producing assets like securities or a private business interest.

As the federal tax law currently stands, a married couple can give, during their lifetimes or leave to their heirs at death, $2 million before any tax is owed. “A home isn’t an income-producing asset, so it makes more sense to save the $2 million lifetime gift exclusion for other estate-planning techniques which can generate a lot more upside in the future,” said Mark Luscombe, principal tax analyst with Wolters Kluwer, a business that provides tax and legal information.

Instead, advisers say parents intent on helping their children become homeowners consider a cash gift instead.

Individuals are allowed to gift up to $13,000 per person in a given year without dipping into their lifetime gift tax exclusion. That means a couple could give their daughter and her husband $52,000 a year to go toward mortgage payments or the down payment, while removing some assets out of their estate each year. In this situation, the kids would have to buy the home, but would get another break this year: Qualified first-time home buyers who purchase a home before Dec. 1st are eligible for an $8,000 tax credit. This may apply for parents and children who buy the house jointly, although the credit begins phasing out at a modified adjusted gross income of $150,000 when married and filing jointly.

There are other options, like making the kids a loan.

The government sets minimum rates for loans, among family members and others, to not be considered gifts. Those rates now are historically low, ranging from less than 1% to about 4 1/2% depending on the loan term. This method doesn’t actually move money out of the estate, thus freeing up the $2 million exclusion to pass on other assets that are more likely to appreciate over time. Children can use income generated from the appreciated assets to pay off the loan. Parents could use the $52,000 annual gift exclusion for their daughter and husband to forgive both the interest and principal of the debt if they choose.